The invention discloses a preparation method of a silicon dioxide nanosphere array-VO2 thin film composite structure. The preparation method is characterized in that the structure with a VO2 thin filmdeposited on a silicon dioxide nanosphere array is prepared by utilizing a dip-coating process and a magnetron sputtering coating process, preparation parameters of the vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film are adjusted by adjusting the rapid thermal annealing mode, and the change rule of structural transmittance is explored by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. According to the preparation method of the silicon dioxide nanosphere array-VO2 thin film composite structure, the structural color displayed by combining a vanadium dioxide spherical shell and silicon dioxide material canbe used for adjusting the color of an intelligent window, and therefore composite material with higher application value can be developed.