The invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing product assembling error acquisition and discloses a locally parallel dimension chain error acquisition method influenced by a geometricstructure. The method comprises the steps that (a) parallel cooperation of a shaft and two holes is equivalent to a feature of a cylinder, a spinor corresponding to the cylinder is established, and establishment of a Jacobian spinor model is completed; (b) corresponding contact points and analysis points on the shaft and the two holes and an offset size and an offset direction of the analysis points after parallel cooperation of the shaft and the two holes are acquired, and the type of the Jacobian spinor model is determined according to the offset size and the offset direction of the analysispoints; and (c) a geometric relation between all the contact points and the analysis points is obtained, values of a translation vector parameter and a rotation vector parameter in the spinor T are solved and acquired, and the Jacobian spinor model is obtained through the values. Through the method, acquisition of locally parallel dimension chain tolerance information with a leverage effect of the geometric structure is realized, final transmission equipment assembling error precision is improved, an error is lowered, and the method is convenient to use.