The invention provides a chitosan nano drug carrier with pH and temperature response and a preparation method and application thereof. The nano drug carrier is of a core-shell structure, a core of thecore-shell structure is formed through ionic crosslinking of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate, and a shell is formed by accumulation of carboxyl derivative of cyclodextrin. The preparation methodcomprises the steps of activation of the carboxyl derivative of the cyclodextrin, synthesis of cyclodextrinated chitosan and preparation of cyclodextrinated chitosan nano particles. According to thechitosan nano drug carrier, hydrophobic drugs are carried to the nano particles through hydrophobic interaction, and the nano particle drug carrier has dual responsiveness to the pH and the temperature, and can be used for targeted drug delivery to improve utilization rate of the drugs.