The invention belongs to the field of aerospace catapulting lifesaving system design and particularly relates to a catapulting lifesaving unlocking device and a time response debugging method of the catapulting lifesaving unlocking device. A time response of the unlocking device is set according to an airplane lifesaving envelope, the time working point and accuracy of the unlocking device must meet stipulated requirements, otherwise, a lifesaving accident may happen, and a lifesaving purpose may even fail. The catapulting lifesaving unlocking device comprises a lock part and an unlocking part. In a shell, the lock part comprises a casing pipe for installing a spring set, a steel cable penetrates through the end portion of the casing pipe and is connected with a piston at the bottom of thespring set, the piston is connected with a pulley, and the steel cable is pulled out, so that the piston is driven to move and compress the spring set. The time working point is set according to theairplane lifesaving envelope, the time response of the unlocking device is quickly and effectively debugged within a stipulated error range, and the function of two-way lifesaving time adjustment andcontrol conducted after the mechanical unlocking device is installed on a machine is achieved for the first time.