The invention discloses a real-time cold-chain transportation temperature monitoring system. A first real-time temperature detection module comprises a temperature sensor and a data conversion module,a second real-time temperature detection module comprises a DSP chip, an image sensor and a lens thermometer, an article case is internally provided with an LED lamp module, the first real-time temperature detection module and the second real-time temperature detection module are both arranged in the article case, the temperature sensor is connected with the data conversion module, one end of thedata conversion module is provided with a controller module, the lens thermometer is connected with the image sensor, the image sensor is connected with the DSP chip, the DSP chip is connected with the controller module, and one end of the controller module is provided with a GSM short message template and a router module. The system is advantaged in that temperature detection on the article caseis carried out through the two real-time temperature detection modules simultaneously, detection accuracy is improved, convenient and rapid use and low cost are realized, and the system is suitable for popularization and application.