Embodiments of the present invention disclose a multi-channel debris flow geosound acquisition circuit and method, relate to debris flow monitoring technology and can solve the problem of low accuracyof geosound acquisition. A geosound signal conditioning module regulates a received geosound signal. An AD acquisition module uses 24-bit multi-channel simultaneous sampling to provide ultra-low input current, allowing direct connection to sensors, and each input channel has a programmable gain stage. A microprocessor module receives the geosound signal sent by the AD acquisition module, performsgain dynamic setting, digital filtering and frequency screening processing on the collected geosound signal, identifies an effective debris flow geosound signal, dynamically configures the cutoff frequency of a geosound sensor, timely adjusts the gain of AD acquisition module, and sets the filter model of the AD module according to the type of debris flow. This circuit is mainly used for geosoundsignal processing.