The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon film-M current collector. By taking a conductive carbon film as a substrate and by performing a replacement reaction in a solution, a needed metal film layer can be uniformly grown on a carbon film; and by virtue of a connecting effect between the carbon film and active metal, and a replacement reaction between active metal and secondary active metal ions in the solution, electron transfer between the carbon film and the active metal can be realized, and metal ions in the solution is subjected to a reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon film to prepare the carbon film-M current collector. The preparation method is simple, and controllable in conditions, and can prepare various carbon film-M current collectors in large-scaleproduction manner; various carbon-film-metal surfaces of different appearances can be obtained according to different replacement time and replacement temperatures; and the carbon film-M current collector can be applied to various fields of a lithium ion battery material, an electrochemical sensor material, a catalytic material and the like.