The invention discloses a BP decoding method based on folding scheduling. The method includes the steps of acquiring a check matrix, a first receiving vector, a maximum number of iterations, and a folding factor; initializing the check matrix; performing iterative processing on the first receiving vector to obtain a second receiving vector, updating all the check nodes one by one in an ascending order, calculating a termination threshold value of check nodes which need to be updated for the second time according to the folding factor, and updating the check nodes for the second time accordingto the ascending order of the check nodes; after each of the check nodes is updated, immediately updating variable nodes connected with the check nodes; decoding the second receiving vector to obtaina first decoding vector; determining whether or not the product vector of the check matrix and the decoding vector is a zero vector; if yes, finishing the decoding operation; if not, executing the step of performing iterative processing on the first receiving vector to obtain the second receiving vector. By adopting the method, the convergence speed is fast and the number of iterations is fewer.