The invention provides a time series data storage method based on a multilayer column-type storage structure. The method comprises the steps that all time series data to be stored is stored in a file,wherein the file comprises a first part and a second part; acquisition time of each piece of time series data to be stored and a data value of each piece of time series data to be stored are stored in the first part; the first part is divided into multiple row sets; each row set is divided into multiple column sets; the number of all the row sets, the offset amount of each row set in the file, the number of all the column sets in each row set, an attribute value of each piece of time series data and the offset amount of each column set in the file are used as the second part. According to thetime series data storage method, the time series data is organized according to the columns, the data of the same column in the same row set is continuously stored in the file, queried data is located at the close positions in the file accordingly, the amount of reading the time series data during query can be reduced, the query speed is increased, and the IO performance of a disk is improved.