The invention provides a method for quantitative evaluation of aircraft pipeline damages in virtue of ultrasonic guided waves. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the noise-containingsignal of damage characteristics including aircraft pipeline cracks and corrosion pits, and performing pre-processing to obtain a vector input signal; establishing an adaptive multi-wavelet basis function matching with the damage characteristics of aircraft pipeline cracks and corrosion pits by adopting an adaptive multi-wavelet construction method, and carrying out multi-wavelet decomposition onthe noise-containing signal by using the adaptive multi-wavelet basis function so as to obtain a low-frequency coefficient and a high-frequency coefficient; subjecting the high-frequency coefficient to adaptive the block noise reduction, and then subjected the processed high-frequency coefficient and the low-frequency coefficient to multi-wavelet reconstruction so as to obtain a vector output signal; carrying out post-processing on the vector output signal to obtain one-dimensional noise reduction results; and normalizing eigenvalues in the one-dimensional noise reduction results, and quantitatively evaluating a damage degree according to a set threshold.