The invention provides a monitoring system and monitoring method for quality of a cop, and belongs to the technical field of textile. The system comprises spindle whorls, cop tubes, a spun yarn cop tube reader-writer and a yarn putting guide rail which are arranged on a spinning frame, and winding reader-writers and single spindle quality detecting devices which are arranged on each spindle position of a winding machine; wherein the spindle whorls are arranged on the yarn putting guide rail, each spindle whorl corresponds to a cop tube, the bottom of each spindle whorl and the corresponding cop tube are labeled with an electronic tag, and the spun yarn cop tube reader-writer is arranged at the headstock of the spinning frame; and the single spindle detecting devices of the winding machineanalyze quality information of yarns and machines of a corresponding spindle position of the winding machine according to quality data of each cop tube. The invention further provides a monitoring method for the quality of the cop, automatic collection and read-in of the cop tubes can be achieved during the productive process, manual participation is not needed, spindle positions of the winding machine corresponding to the cops correspond to the quality data of the yarns of the cops obtained by the winding machine, the single spindle quality problem of the spinning frame is analyzed through big data, and the single spindle detection of the spinning frame is achieved.