The invention discloses a multi-station automatic bottom expanding anchor rod feeding system which comprises a flaw detector, chain conveying mechanisms and a PLC control system. The chain conveying mechanisms comprise the station chain conveying mechanisms and the upstream chain conveying mechanism. The flaw detector is located at the upstream end of the upstream chain conveying mechanism. Stations are provided with material receiving devices, and station incoming material optoelectronic switches are arranged at the upstream ends of the machining stations. The machining stations are providedwith material turnover mechanisms, and full material detection optoelectronic switches are arranged at full material positions. The PLC control system is provided with three buttons. The upstream chain conveying mechanism is correspondingly provided with a feed air cylinder, and a material rejection button is correspondingly arranged at each machining station. The invention further discloses a feeding method. According to the multi-station automatic bottom expanding anchor rod feeding system and the feeding method, raw material rods can be efficiently and stably conveyed, the structure is compact, the work efficiency is high, feeding is stable, cost and manpower are saved, and the matching degree of actions is high. The feeding method is quite flexible, and the time that the machining stations wait for the raw material rods is closest.