The present invention relates to an azimuthal anisotropy fracture detection and identification method based on a ground penetrating radar. The method comprises the following steps of: respectively connecting a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna with a first channel and a second channel in a ground penetrating radar system, wherein the first channel is a transmitting channel, and the second channel is a receiving channel; performing co-polarization detection: taking a fracture strike as a 0-degree direction, arranging the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in parallel, androtating the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna for 180 degrees by employing a fixed offset; and performing cross polarization detection: taking the fracture strike as the 0-degree direction, vertically arranging the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and rotating the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna by employing a fixed offset. A co-polarization detection shear wave splitting phenomenon and features when the transverse wave travel of the cross polarization detection is performed are employed to provide a new method for fracture identification based on the ground penetrating radar method, and the method provided by the invention can accurately determine fractures or can allow the fractures to be equivalent to the direction of a fracture medium according to the fracture phenomenon.