The invention discloses a numerical control lathe multi-position rotary tool holder automatic tool changing process energy consumption accurate prediction method. According to the method, firstly theautomatic tool changing duration under multiple sets of rotary tool positions is measured, and a calculation model of the automatic tool changing duration is acquired through fitting; the machine toolbasic module power is acquired and operated, and the machine tool basic module energy consumption is calculated based on the machine tool basic module power and the automatic tool changing duration;the tool changing device steady state power is acquired and operated, and the tool changing device steady state energy consumption is further calculated; the energy consumption caused by all the powerpeaks in the process of performing automatic tool changing of the numerical control lathe is acquired, and the tool changing device transient energy consumption is acquired through accumulation; andan automatic tool changing process energy consumption prediction model is obtained based on the acquired machine tool basic module energy consumption, the tool changing device steady state energy consumption and the tool changing device transient energy consumption so that numerical control lathe automatic tool changing process energy consumption accurate prediction can be realized, and the basicmodel support can be provided for machine tool energy conservation optimization.