The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of water purification materials, in particular to a preparation method of a modified silver-loaded floating bead-based ceramic filter material. The modified silver-loaded floating bead-based ceramic filter material is prepared by taking floating bead powder as a base material, polystyrene as a pore-forming agent and self-made silica sol as a bonding agent and supplementing with amber powder, absolute ethanol and the like; firstly, floating beads are ball-milled and mixed with waste gypsum and then are subjected to double modificationby utilizing a silver nitrate solution and self-made dispersion liquid; silver ions in silver nitrate attract a negatively-charged thiol group in a protease and effectively pierce cell walls and cellmembrane appearances, so that the antibacterial property of the filter material is improved; the silver ions and the base material jointly play a wear-resistant role in the sterilization process; ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethanol and the like are continuously mixed, stirred and reacted to obtain the self-made silica sol; a dense and solid network structure is formed on the surface of the basematerial; a wear-resistant role in the base material is played, the wear resistance of the ceramic filter material is favorably improved, and the application prospect is wide.