The invention discloses a radar data compression method based on autoregressive model frame prediction, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining each reference frame of which original frame data correlation is strong, performing AR model inter-frame prediction for the reference frame and obtaining a prediction frame; then, performing difference with original frame data and reconstruction data of the previous frame to build a differential model, and performing compression and decompression of BAQ for a difference value of the current frame and the prediction frame thereofto obtain restored difference value data; and finally, adding the restored difference value data and the prediction frame together to obtain the reconstruction data. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of strong inter-frame prediction correlation, small quantization error in a difference process, high restoration degree of reconstruction images, and so on.