The invention discloses a pipeline leakage recognition method based on noise signal time domain sectional frequency spectrum analysis. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out constant duration division on a sound vibrating signal collected by a detector in a free movable pipeline and carrying out FFT calculation on the sound vibrating signal in each divided time quantum; judging thepipeline leakage condition by combining the pipeline leakage frequency spectrum characteristics according to the frequency spectrum amplitude calculated; and positioning the pipeline leakage points by combining the position information of the detector in the free movable pipeline according to the time quantum information of each data section to achieve comprehensive cross-over analysis and verification of time domain and frequency domain of the pipeline leakage noise signals, wherein the detection and recognition success rate of pipeline leakage or air bag can be improved remarkably, and theleakage of the pipeline and the size of the air bag can be estimated precisely by combining a calibrated and fit relationship curve.