The invention relates to a space laboratory information system based on an advanced in-orbit data processing method. The telemetering, instruction and communication functions are realized through a data information system based on a 1553B bus, and the high-speed data transmission is realized through a high-speed data transmission system based on AOS. The space laboratory information system based on the advanced in-orbit data processing method disclosed by the invention can support a manned spacecraft to accomplish all in-orbit functions.