The invention discloses an anti-slip device of a railway vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of the railway vehicle active safety. A bogie beam is provided with hanging bases. The bottom of each of the hanging bases is provided with an L-shaped cantilever. The horizontal end of each cantilever is fixed to the outer wall of the inner side of a longitudinal steel cylinder of which the interior is provided with a longitudinal branch of an air pipeline II. A lug at the tail part of a longitudinal guide cylinder is hinged to a connecting port of the longitudinal steel cylinder. The end partof the longitudinal branch of the air pipeline II is connected with the tail part of a longitudinal airbag. The front end of the longitudinal airbag is fixed to the tail part of a longitudinal pistonmatched with the inner wall of the longitudinal guide cylinder. A transverse guide cylinder is fixed between the two hanging bases. An air pipeline I is connected with a transverse airbag. The frontend of the transverse airbag is fixed to a transverse piston matched with the inner wall of the transverse guide cylinder. The top of a triangle spherical hinge mechanism is the upper end of a middlerod, and the bottom edge is formed by the longitudinal steel cylinder and the rear ends of the longitudinal guide cylinder at two ends of the longitudinal steel cylinder. The air pipelines which are respectively connected with the longitudinal and transverse airbags are rubber hoses. The air pipelines are provided with solenoid valves. The anti-slip device is mainly used for the railway vehicle.