The invention relates to a self-driven temperature measuring device based on pipeline fluid power generation. The device comprises a water wheel, a miniature generator, a rectifying and voltage stabilizing system, a temperature measuring system and a temperature measuring probe. The water wheel is arranged in a pipe to be measured, a round hole is formed in the pipe, and a water wheel shaft passesthrough the round hole to be connected with the miniature generator outside the pipe. The output end of the miniature generator is connected with the rectifying and voltage stabilizing system, and the output end of the rectifying and voltage stabilizing system is connected with the temperature measuring system. The temperature measuring probe is induced by the temperature measuring system and placed at a measuring point. The temperature measuring system comprises a time control switch, a temperature measuring circuit, a display screen or a wireless data transfer module. The temperature measuring circuit is in parallel connection with two ends of a battery. The device is additionally equipped with a fluid power generation system, the water wheel can collect kinetic energy of fluid in a pipeline to drive the miniature generator to rotate, and the kinetic energy is converted into electric energy, undergoes voltage stabilization through rectifying and then becomes constant direct currents, so energy is provided to the temperature measuring system to measure temperature. Moreover, temperature data can be displayed in real time and can be transmitted from a long distance.