The invention discloses a fireworks algorithm-based multi-target software and hardware division method. The method comprises the following steps of: randomly initializing N solutions satisfying a hardware area constraint condition, wherein the N solutions correspond to N fireworks in a fireworks algorithm; putting the N solutions into a set P, finding out non-dominated solutions in the set P in sequence according to a Pareto optimization theory, and setting non-dominated grades of the found non-dominated solutions to be 1, 2, and the like in sequence; calculating dispersibility of non-nominated solutions in a same non-dominated grade according to a congestion calculation method; sorting all the obtained non-dominated grades and the dispersible non-dominated solutions; calculating a numberof sparks generated by firework explosion and a firework explosion amplitude according to the sorting information; generating all the Gaussian sparks; sorting all the fireworks, explosion sparks and Gaussian sparks, and taking the obtained first N fireworks or explosion sparks or Gaussian sparks as the next generation of fireworks; and achieving a set iteration frequency. The method is capable ofimproving the operation speeds of systems and reducing the power consumption of the systems.