The present invention relates to a method for increasing the production efficiency of genome-modified plants regenerated from plant protoplasts by using a Cas protein-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The method for increasing the production efficiency of genome-modified plants of the present invention can efficiently produce plants with mutated target genes, and can also minimize the insertion of foreign DNA into plants. Therefore, the present invention can be very usefully used in various fields such as agriculture, food and biotechnology fields.