The invention discloses an eddy current displacement sensor for a high temperature magnetic bearing in an axial direction, which belongs to the field of eddy current displacement sensors. The sensor is mainly composed of four parts of a working probe, an auxiliary probe, a signal processing circuit and a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the main probe and the auxiliary probe are mainly composed of a high temperature enameled wire, a ceramic coil skeleton, a high temperature adhesive and a high temperature coaxial cable; the signal processing circuit is mainly composed of an oscillating circuit, a detection circuit and a calibration circuit; the temperature compensation circuit is mainly composed of a temperature drift compensation circuit and a time drift compensation circuit, thetemperature drift compensation circuit is mainly composed of a Pt100 three-wire system temperature acquisition circuit, a signal conditioning circuit and a divider; and the time drift compensation circuit is mainly composed of a Pt100 three-wire system temperature acquisition circuit and two probe differential circuits. Uncompensated signals firstly pass through a subtractor to eliminate bias voltage temperature drift errors of temperature drift and then pass through a division circuit to eliminate sensitivity temperature drift errors, and the sensor is mainly applied to the high temperaturemagnetic bearing in an axial direction.