The invention discloses an anti-explosion piece laser welding method of an aluminum shell battery cover plate, and relates to the technical field of aluminum shell battery making. The anti-explosion piece laser welding method comprises following steps that S1, an anti-explosion piece is placed on a pressure relief hole in the aluminum shell battery cover plate, a vacuum absorbing device is adoptedto generate negative pressure, and the anti-explosion piece and the edge of the pressure relief hole of the aluminum shell battery cover plate are subject to vacuum absorbing and tight attaching; S2,multiple welding points are selected around the welding path of the anti-explosion piece, and a laser welding head is adopted to carry out laser dotting pre-welding; S3, vacuum negative pressure is broken, and a vacuum absorbing device is moved away; S4, a laser welding head is adopted for carrying out laser full welding in a manner of surrounding the welding path of the anti-explosion piece, andthe anti-explosion piece and the aluminum shell battery cover plate are welded together. The warping deforming in the full welding process of the anti-explosion piece can be obviously reduced, the problem of gas leakage caused by burst point welding can be solved, and the welding yield can be obviously improved.