The invention discloses a method for preparing nano zinc and iron concentrates from electric stove dust. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the electric stove dust, biochar and water toobtain a mixture; carrying out compression moulding on the mixture and drying the mixture to obtain pellets; carrying out reducing roasting on the pellets under microwave heating at the temperature of950-1100 DEG C to obtain volatile matters and reduction products; cooling and collecting the volatile matters to obtain nano zinc with complete crystal lattices; and carrying out magnetic separatingon the reduction products to obtain the magnetic iron concentrates. By cooperative treatment of a forming technology and a microwave heating treatment process, the reduction thermal efficiency is improved, and the product nano zinc with high additional value is obtained effectively. By clean energy microwave and 'carbon neutral' ( CO2 in the atmosphere cannot be increased additionally) biochar strengthened reduction process, clean and efficient enrichment and recovery of zinc and iron elements in the electric stove dust are implemented with the aid of a wet type magnetic separating process, and secondary pollution is avoided.