The invention discloses a 2D plasma temperature field measuring device and method for different element objects. The device comprises an optical step collection module, a spectral analysis module anda signal collecting and processing module arranged successively from the measuring front end to the rear end. The method comprises that the optical step collection module identifies the target plasmaradiation peak value and edge automatically, multiple groups of uniform steps are collected from measurement time in the interval, a transmission fiber transmits the measurement light to the spectralanalysis module and parses spectral information of each element in the measurement light, the signal collecting and processing module obtains an integration temperature value in a measurement path according to the spectral information, the central temperature of the path is resolved via Abel inverse transformation, and further a 2D temperature field of the different elements is fit according to the radiation rotation symmetry. Thus, the plasma spectrum of the different elements is measured, the 2D temperature field is established, and accurate measurement can be carried out in severe environment and electromagnetic interference.