The invention discloses a preparation method for an iron oxide/carbon fiber composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking an iron based metal organic framework as a precursor, mixing the precursor with a PAN solution, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain a metal organic framework/PAN fiber; and thermally treatingthe metal organic framework/PAN fiber under inert atmosphere to prepare an iron oxide/carbon fiber composite material. The iron oxide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the preparation methodhas good toughness, conductivity, an ordered pore channel structure and a great specific surface area, is taken as a lithium ion battery negative electrode material, and has relatively high first-time discharge specific capacity, relatively high charge specific capacity, highly high first-time coulomb efficiency, relatively high circulating stability and relatively high rate performance.