The invention discloses a brain wave synchronized learning training system used for animal groups. The system comprises a training device and a control system; the training device is a cylindrical cavity of an upper opening structure, wherein the cylindrical cavity is divided into an upper layer animal movement region and a lower layer equipment installation region; the animal movement region is divided into multiple independent animal behavior training regions through transparent partitioning plates, structures of all the animal behavior training regions are identical, and each animal behavior training region comprises a vision stimulation presentation device, a behavior detection device and a reward and punishment device; the vision stimulation presentation devices are arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical cavity, and the behavior detection devices are arranged at intervals in fronts of the vision stimulation presentation devices; the reward and punishment devices are composedof food boxes and food box covers driven by driving mechanisms. With the system, the requirement for early behavior training in individual animal neural signal decoding based on instrumental learningis met, the requirement for training based on clustered decoding is also met, an experimental training platform is provided for research on group social behavior neural mechanisms of animals, and human participation is reduced due to automatic setting of the training system.