The invention belongs to the field of numerical control machine tool temperature monitoring and prediction, and particularly discloses a numerical control machine tool part temperature real-time prediction method. The method comprises the following steps that the sensor signal of the numerical control machine tool is acquired in real time and preprocessed; the machine tool part temperature variation quantity deltaT caused by the internal heat source and the machine tool part temperature variation quantity deltaT caused by the environment temperature from the moment of t tothe moment of t are calculated according to the preprocessed signal data; deltaT and deltaT are superposed so as to obtain the final temperature variation quantity deltaT of the machine tool part from the moment of t to the moment of t; and the temperature of the numerical control machine tool part is predicted in real time: T=T+deltaT. The method has the advantages of high prediction speed and high accuracy and is easy and convenient to use without changing the mechanical structure of the numerical control machine tool or influencing the dynamic characteristics of the numerical control machine tool so as to realize real-time prediction of the temperature of the machine tool part.