A traction test bed is used for testing a train traction system and comprises a tested motor and a first sensor used for testing the rotating speed and torque of the tested motor. The test bed also comprises a load calculation unit, a load simulation unit and a load control unit, wherein the load calculation unit comprises a line setting module, a position calculation module, a resistance torque calculation module, an acceleration calculation module, an inertia torque calculation module and a simulation torque calculation module; the load simulation unit comprises a flywheel set and an accompanying motor, and simulation during train line running is achieved. The first sensor and the load calculation unit are arranged, so that calculation of the torque in various states in the actual trainline is effectively achieved; through the arrangement of the load simulation unit and the load control unit, the traction test bed can simulate the torque in real time according to the running states,the state in the actual train operation line can be simulated, and then all parameters of the traction system closer to the actual state can be measured.