The invention discloses an error calibration method for a torsion pendulum measurement system. The method comprises the following steps: S100, applying a known calibration force to the torsion pendulum measurement system, and obtaining v measurement values by a system parameter calibration method, and according to the measurement values and the known calibration force, obtaining v system parameters for vibration characteristics; S200, using a Monte Carlo method to generate mutually independent normal distribution random sequences, sampling test data of test results according to the normal distribution random sequence, and obtaining system parameter calibration errors according to sampling results; S300, performing the step S200 N times to obtain n system parameter calibration errors, and using the maximum value and the minimum value of the n system parameter calibration errors as an error interval; and S400, using the torsion pendulum measurement system to measure the thrust or impulse, wherein the error of the obtained result is within the error interval. The method accurately estimates the error of the measurement result of the torsion pendulum measurement system, and improves the calibration efficiency and accuracy.