A multi-parameter wireless real-time monitoring self-powered fluorescent tracing system and method. The system comprises: a multi-parameter test probe (2) used to collect data at least comprising a water level and the concentration of fluorescein in water, and send the collected data to a control unit (1); an intelligent hydraulic DC charging device (3) comprising a rotating impeller (35) and a generator (31) connected to each other, wherein the rotating impeller (35) is driven by a water flow, and the generator (31) can convert mechanical energy generated by the water flow into electric energy; and the control unit (1) comprising a data recording module (113), a cellular data communication module (112), and a remote instruction control module (111), wherein a remote terminal uses the water level and the speed of the water flow to perform a fitting correction calculation on a dynamic water flow rate. The system can measure the flow speed of water, a water level, turbidity, conductivity, and the concentration of fluorescein in the water over a long period of time, use a terminal device to remotely view test data at a specific time or in real time, and correct a real-time flow rate parameter, so as to obtain the total recycling mass of a river measurement section within a preset time.