Embodiments of the present application provide an oil productivity index prediction method and device of a deep oil reservoir. The method includes the following steps: determining a relationship curvebetween overpressure permeability and net effective overpressure of the deep oil reservoir; determining pressure sensitivity coefficients of the deep oil reservoir according to the relationship curve; generating an oil productivity index prediction model according to the pressure sensitivity coefficients; and carrying out oil productivity index prediction according to the oil productivity index prediction model. According to the embodiments of the present application, oil productivity indexes of the deep oil reservoir can be predicated quantitatively, so the accuracy of oil productivity indexprediction of the deep oil reservoir is improved.