The invention provides a rotation drive device comprising a power member and a support frame; the power member comprises a telescoping member and a linkage; the linkage comprises a connecting rack I,a connecting rod, a connecting rack II and a drive shaft; a fixed end of the telescoping member and a first end of the connecting rack are both movably connected to the support frame; a movable end ofthe telescoping member is movably connected to the middle portion of the connecting frame; two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with a second end of the connecting rack I and thefirst end of the connecting rack II; a second end of the connecting rack II is connected with the drive shaft; a cantilever frame is connected with the linkage and the cantilever frame is driven by the linkage to swing. In the present invention, the linear motion of a cylinder is converted into the rotational motion of the drive shaft by the linkage, and the cantilever frame externally connectedto the drive shaft can realize a large rotation angle. In the linkage mechanism, each movement pair is in surface contact, and the pressure on the unit area is small during transmission, which is beneficial to lubrication, so the wear is light, the life is long, the high precision is easy to be obtained, and the reliability is high.