The invention discloses an external excitation loading test device for simulating a driving process. The test device comprises a vibration platform, a section model which is installed on the vibrationplatform through rigid constraint, and a vehicle model which is fixed on the section model through the elastic constraint. The vibration platform is used for driving the section model to perform oneor more forms of vibration. According to the invention, various possible structural responses of the bridge structure under the action of power can be simulated, and the external force and the acceleration of the vehicle can be measured.