The invention discloses a preparation method of porous polymeric microspheres with core-shell structures. A vinyl monomer, a polyvinyl cross-linking agent and an initiator are dissolved in a pore-forming agent to form an even solution, and thus an oil phase is obtained; a stabilizer and a surfactant are dissolved in deionized water to form an even solution, and thus a water phase is obtained; under the stirring condition, the oil phase is added into the water phase, the heating rate is controlled at 1-5 DEG C/minute, the reaction temperature is maintained at 50-110 DEG C for polymerization reaction, reaction time is 6-24 hours, after reaction is completed, solid-liquid separation and washing are conducted, and thus the macroporous polymeric microspheres with the core-shell structures are obtained. Not only is the method simple in preparation process, easy to operate, controllable in reaction process and low in cost, but also the prepared macroporous polymeric microspheres with the core-shell structures are compact in shell structure, mutually independent micropores are distributed in the surface of the macroporous polymeric microspheres with the core-shell structures, and loose macroporous structures with pore channels communicated with one another are located in the microspheres.