The invention discloses a double spark plug cylinder head assembly of a heavy oil engine and an aviation engine. The double spark plug cylinder head assembly comprises a cylinder head, wherein a double spark plug formed by a spark plug I and a spark plug II is mounted on the cylinder head. The double spark plug cylinder head assembly of the heavy oil engine and the aviation engine have higher ignition energy, enable heavy oil to achieve more sufficient and efficient organization combustion particularly being matched with the heavy oil which is fully atomized and uniformly mixed, are beneficialto the efficient combustion of heavy oil and ensure reliable and safe ignition of an engine under various working conditions and conditions; and the size and weight of the engine are further reducedcompared with a traditional heavy oil compression-ignition type engine, the double spark plug cylinder head assembly of the heavy oil engine and the aviation engine are suitable for use by unmanned aerial vehicles and is more efficient and environmentally friendly.