The invention relates to a distributed adaptive reactive voltage automatic control method, wherein an area adjustment side reactive voltage automatic control system AVC and more than one county adjustment side reactive voltage automatic control system AVC are used, when a grid network is regular, the area adjustment side AVC serves centralized computation and unified decision; when the system is sectionalized, a model performs adaptive adjustment, each county adjustment side AVC performs distributed operation and distributed decision; when the grid network recovers, control and latch-up protection data intelligent synchronization is executed, and meanwhile, the area adjustment side AVC is recovered to serve centralized computation and unified decision, thus, reliability of the system is improved effectively, wherein the AVC of the area adjustment side and the AVC service of the county adjustment side performs operation and decision through a mode of combination of genetic algorithm andsensitivity analysis. The method provided by the invention can guarantee the grid to operate safely, efficiently and steadily, meanwhile, improves percent of pass of voltage, reduces grid damage, prolongs service life of electrical equipment and reduces labor intensity of adjustment and control personnel.