The invention provides a preparation method of a foam metal-based lead alloy composite anode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: treating the surface of a foam metal substrate and forming a tin-bismuth alloy layer on the surface of the foam metal substrate; then preparing a nano-oxide composite lead alloy; and then cladding the nano-oxide composite lead alloy onto the foam metal substrate with the tin-bismuth alloy layer on the surface by using a bimetal continuous extrusion cladding machine so as to prepare the foam metal-based lead alloy composite anode material for high-efficiency electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. The foam metal-based lead alloy composite anode material prepared by the invention gives full play to the high-efficiency electrocatalytic oxygenevolution activity of the nano-oxide composite lead alloy and the advantages of the foam metal substrate, and has the characteristics of light weight, good conductivity, high-efficiency electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance, high corrosion resistance and the like, and can reduce resource consumption and save energy.