The invention discloses a random laser cleaning device and method. The device comprises a laser device, a laser cleaning head, an executing mechanism, an executing mechanism servo control system and arandom signal generator. The laser device comprises acousto-optic adjustable Q connected with an acousto-optic adjustable Q driving power source, and further comprises a laser module connected with alaser module driving power source. The laser device is connected with a water cooling machine used for cooling of the laser module, the acousto-optic adjustable Q and a lens in the laser device. Thelaser cleaning head is connected with the laser device through an energy transmitting optical fiber, the laser cleaning head is installed on the executing mechanism and used for controlling the movement path of the laser cleaning head, the executing mechanism servo control system is connected with the executing mechanism and used for controlling the executing mechanism to achieve movement, and therandom signal generator is connected with the executing mechanism servo control system and the acousto-optic adjustable Q driving power source and controls the laser cleaning process. By means of thetechnical scheme, cleaned workpieces surfaces have no regular cleaning trace and are uniform, the attractiveness is higher compared with traditional laser cleaning, and laser cleaning practicabilityis greatly improved.