The present invention discloses a test method for depth-based different-lithology roadway composite carrier echelon supporting. A plane stress loading experiment device is employed, the device comprises a planar model rack, a flange, a jack and a supporting plate, the arranged plane stress loading experiment device is convenient in assembling and simulates the stability and structural fracture development rules of the semicircular arch tunnels in a soft rock straight wall and a hard rock straight wall in a condition of a high-level stress loading. The method employed by the invention employs anon-supporting experiment method and a supporting experiment method which verify the bearing feature and structural fracture development rules of a layered supporting semicircular arch tunnel in a high-level stress.