The invention provides an ultra-short-term prediction method and device for meteorological elements. Measured values and short-term predicted values of the meteorological elements are needed, thedependence on historical meteorological elements is reduced, through a combined absolute error and a combined relative error of the measured values and the short-term predicted values, the ultra-short-term prediction of the meteorological elements is realized, and the ultra-short-term prediction precision of the meteorological elements can be effectively improved. The technical scheme provided by the invention is especially suitable for a wind farm and a photovoltaic power station with incomplete meteorological elements or newly built wind farm and photovoltaic power station, by assigning weights, the error risk of data prediction can be apportioned, large deviations can be eliminated, and the technical scheme is simple and practical and has high precision and strong operability.