The invention discloses an MDI-QKD (Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Protocol) based on a quantum network. According to the protocol, quantum teleportation in the quantum network is applied to a traditional unilateral MDI-QKD. Advantages of an original MDI-QKD are kept. Independence of a security protocol for measurement equipment is ensured. All attacks at a measurer side in a QKD system are effectively avoided. According to the quantum teleportation in the quantum network, communication secure distance can be greatly extended. According to the protocol, the quantum teleportation in the quantum network is applied to the MDI-QKD, the communication security is ensured, and moreover, the distance of the MDI-QKD is greatly extended.