The invention relates to a detection system and a detection method. The detection system comprises a to-be-detected setting accelerator storage tank, a cement clean slurry storage tank, a setting accelerator flow rate adjusting valve, a compressed air flow rate adjusting valve, a mixed spraying device, corresponding pipelines, a forming die, and a linear movement module, wherein an air and liquidmixing chamber and a setting accelerator spray nozzle are respectively arranged at the upper end and lower end of the mixed spraying device; the to-be-detected setting accelerator storage tank and thecement clean slurry storage tank are respectively communicated with the air and liquid mixing chamber of the mixed spraying device or a clean slurry storage chamber through the pipelines; the formingdie is arranged just under the mixed spraying device, and is driven by the linear movement module to move along the horizontal direction; the cement clean slurry storage tank, the to-be-detected setting accelerator storage tank and the air and liquid mixing chamber are respectively communicated with compressed air through air intake pipes. The detection method comprises the process and method with the following steps of preparing the cement clean slurry, preparing the to-be-detected setting accelerator, adjusting the flow rate of the to-be-detected setting accelerator, adjusting the sprayingpressure, and adjusting the spraying height; jetting, densifying and forming in a test die, and finally performing the penetration resistance testing.