The invention relates to a stereo matching method for extraterrestrial object inspectors, and belongs to a stereo vision matching technology. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining a left image and a right image by a left camera and a right camera of an extraterrestrial object inspector, carrying out polar line correction on the left and right images, and respectively constructingL layers of left pyramids and right pyramids for the polar line corrected left and right images; carrying out bidirectional stereo matching on two images of the Lth layers of the left and right pyramids so as to obtain a left disparity map and a left disparity map; determining a parallax search range of each pixel of the (L-1)th layer by utilizing the disparity maps of the Lth layer, and carryingout bidirectional stereo matching on two images of the (L-1)th layer so as to obtain a left disparity map and a right disparity map of the (L-1)th layer; and circulating the steps until a parallax search range of each pixel of the first layer is determined by utilizing disparities of the second layer, and carrying out bidirectional stereo matching on two images of the first layer so as to obtain aleft disparity map and a right disparity map of the first layer.