The invention proposes a short-wave communication method and system for suppressing narrow-wave interference. The method comprises the steps: performing the analog-to-digital conversion of an originalanalog signal, and converting the analog signal into a digital signal; performing direct sequence spread spectrum and modulation of the digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal through a channel; decomposing the received signal into N-order single-component signals from the multi-component signal; determining the frequency characteristics of each single-component signal, and extractinginterference signals by using the second-order to N-th-order components; filtering out the extracted interference signals, and reconstructing the received signals; obtaining the final received data through digital-to-analog conversion after the signal is despread and demodulated. The short-wave communication method and system for suppressing narrow-wave interference can enable the interference signal to be effectively separated from the received signal and filtered by a narrow-band phase-locked loop adaptive filter, thereby improving the quality of the short-wave communication.