The invention discloses a bus charging management system and method. The system comprises a vehicle-mounted terminal, a battery management chip, a vehicle-mounted charger, a national standard gun charging connector and a pantograph which are arranged on a bus, a plurality of transformer substations arranged inside charging field station regions respectively, transformer substation terminals and nets arranged in the transformer substations respectively, and an enterprise platform server; a track is arranged on the ground below the nets, the track is provided with M n-shaped rain shelters, the n-shaped rain shelters are in sliding connection with the track, the left ends and the right ends of the n-shaped rain shelters are each provided with a plurality of vertical baffles, the track is provided with M first locking structures, the M n-shaped rain shelters are each provided with a second locking structure, and the first locking structures are matched with the second locking structures. The system has the advantages of being low in cost, high in charging efficiency, and capable of effectively prolonging the battery life.