The invention discloses microcomputer control electro-hydraulic conversion brake system and method. The system comprises a microcomputer brake control unit, an auxiliary brake control unit and a hydraulic brake control unit, wherein the microcomputer brake control unit receives a brake instruction and performs brake force distribution and control; through the valve action in the hydraulic brake control unit, hydraulic oil from an energy accumulator is adjusted into corresponding hydraulic signal according to different brake instructions so as to drive a brake clamp to act. According to the brake system disclosed by the invention, a hydraulic execution mechanism is driven to act by directly adopting a hydraulic signal, an air-hydraulic conversion supercharging device is canceled, the response speed of the brake system is increased, the system weight is obviously reduced, and the difficulty and cost of design and maintenance are remarkably lowered.