The invention provides a method for preparing a ZSM-5 molecular sieve by using laterite nickel ore smelting waste residue, wherein the ZSM-5 molecular sieve is prepared based on laterite nickel ore smelting waste residue through breaking screening, alkali boiling extraction, centrifugal separation, hydrothermal crystallization, centrifugal washing, powder drying, demolding calcination and other steps. Compared to the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages that the laterite nickel ore smelting waste residue is subjected to alkali boiling extraction so as to effectively extract Si-Al, avoid the multi-step impurity removal and greatly simplify the process. With the method of the invention, the Si-Al can be effectively extracted so as to prepare into the ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and the remaining filter residue after the extraction can further be subjected to resource utilization to prepare the water body phosphorus removing agent and the COD degradation catalyst, such that the 100% comprehensive utilization of the nickel ore smelting waste residue is basically achieved. The invention provides the completely-new resource utilization wayfor preparing the ZSM-5 molecular sieve by using the laterite nickel ore smelting waste residue, wherein the process is simple, feasible, environmentally friendly and highly economical.