A single-axle bogie comprises a frame with axle boxes mounted on the bottom surface; a wheel axle assembly is arranged between the two axle boxes, a series of vibration-absorbing spring assemblies aredisposed between the axle boxes and the frame; a brake assembly is mounted on the bottom surface of the frame; a mandrel pin is arrange in the center of the top surface of the frame, and both ends ofthe top surface of the frame have frame connecting assemblies; the frame connecting assembly comprises a frame connecting plate with a frame limit connecting seat in the center, a frame connecting long hole is longitudinally formed in the top surface of the frame limit connecting seat, an H-shape connector is inserted into the frame connecting long hole, longitudinal two ends of the frame connecting plate are clamped with secondary rubber spring assemblies; the secondary rubber spring assemblies comprise secondary rubber spring mounting plates and secondary rubber springs, the lower ends of the secondary rubber springs are clamped on the frame connecting plates, and the upper ends of the secondary rubber springs are vulcanized on the secondary rubber spring mounting plates. The highway and railway dual-purpose vehicle comprises a frame, a suspension with a large stroke and the single-axle bogie, wherein the suspension and the single-axle bogie are fixedly mounted on the frame respectively. The single-axle bogie is applicable to both road and rail vehicles.